Mick has now settled down with his wife Gabriella Wesberry, and their daughter Romy Hucknall was born in June Plus Lindsey served in the state house and Mick Mulvaney and Jeff Duncan have known him through that. Mick -e-no-ph, ——; first Chief of the tribe; full-length, sitting cross-legged. Cameron," Mick Ross had said. Mick Walker was the name of the oldest; he wore a ragged apron, and a paper cap.
I'm nothing but an ordinary day-laborer, a plain Mick , a sort of a Wop, obeying orders. Maria, who was a large and powerful person, won a reputation for her ability to quell fights and bring offenders to jail. So successful was she in handling tough characters that the constables frequently enlisted her aid in bringing malefactors to book, and the story goes that when police wagons came into use in the s, the Boston constables, remembering the great help the black woman had given them, immortalized her name in the term "Black Maria.
The Black Maria became the 'Paddy Wagon' sometime in the s. The St Paul Police Historical Society points out that their first paddy wagon came into service on January 21, , in conjunction with the opening of the new city workhouse. Built by the Fire Extinguisher Co. Drawn by a team of two draft horses, Patrolman John Rooney transported prisoners from the old courthouse located on Wabasha Street between Fourth and Fifth Streets to the city workhouse.
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How much did Jackie know about John F. Patrick's Day. Bobby Kennedy killed Marilyn Monroe claims ex-boyfriend, "Godfather" actor. A name, be it a first name or a surname, is not a simple term. The purpose of a name, strictly speaking, is to identify individuals and to differentiate them from each other, 4 whereas the role of term typically a common noun is to give meaning.
A name, stricto sensu, has a referential function and not a semantic one. Paddy and Mick, as first names that have acquired general meaning, have seen their linguistic role radically changed. As common nouns, they are accompanied by determiners usually the or a and lose their initial capital. The general meaning conferred on these terms also involves value change. While melioration is sometimes possible, pejoration is the order of the day.
Irish names that have been made to designate the quintessential Other typically denigrate. The names-turned-words that will be quoted cover a broad geographical spectrum, and an equally broad time scale. The geographical spectrum encompasses not only Britain and America, but also Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, while the time scale stretches from the mid th century to the late 20 th century.
As the cultural contexts of these countries naturally differ, and as each culture has evolved over time, a strictly homogenous view of the Irish Other as reflected in the English language can not be portrayed. However, it will be seen that major common denominators are apparent.
This paper purports to study linguistically-consecrated Irish names transversally, guided by central themes rather than by geographical or historical parameters. While some of the terms belong to standard English, most belong to popular parlance, notably to slang and sometimes to rhyming slang. Naturally, the mechanics of designating the Other are not the same when rhyming slang is involved and when the Other is more tactically designated. Moreover, some of these names-turned-words are eponyms and, as such, their stigmatisation may basically or partly be justified.
Modern approaches have brought to light significant instability in traditional binary models. The notion of the absolute Other, born of a strict, Manichean opposition between coloniser and colonised, has, in recent years, given way to a more fragmented, unstable, ambivalent and sometimes even contradictory view of the extraneous party.
Geographical proximity and racial propinquity meant, paradoxically, that the Irish were perceived as being singularly awkward subjects. The Irish were members of an inferior race, yet white; Roman Catholic papists, yet fellow Christians. But parallel and subsidiary elements further skewered or protracted this fundamentally biased view. The young American republic accorded great importance to the moral virtues and intellectual capacities of its citizens, native and immigrant.
Mid th -century Irish immigrants were considered unfit for a lofty political mission on account of their extreme poverty, their Catholicism and their often superstitious ways. Consequently, a specific ethnic prejudice was directed against them. Altogether, the encounter with American republican idealism can be said to have been more censorious for the Irish than the encounter with standard anti-Irish prejudice in England.
This bias found a most suitable frame of reference in his given name. Its commonness among 18 th - and 19 th -century Irish immigrants to Britain largely explains its generic use. For the judgemental Englishman, a Paddy or Pat was basically an uncultivated and dim-witted individual native of Ireland. Throughout the 19 th century, he was trivialised, simianised or sentimentalised in line with variations in the social and political climate, but all the while Paddy was pejoratively characterised.
The word Paddy rapidly took root in American English also. Paddy or the shorter form Pat, for Anglophones everywhere, was and indeed still is the quintessential Irishman. The sobriquet Pat has the distinction of having produced a feminine form. Naturally, the tone of its use is offensive. Mick, with its variants Mickey and Mike, like Paddy and Pat, typecast the Irishman as poor and uncultivated.
The cognomen is all the more offensive as it has religious undertones. This is evidenced by the construction of the pejorative compounds Paddyland midC, Ireland and Patlander , Irishman. The Irishman was necessarily of stout and burly physique, in line with his unrefined personality traits. Wherever Paddy went whackery was sure to follow. As a concentrate of unruly Irishness, it was a potent term of cultural mockery and abuse.
Like many cultural slurs, its meaning could oscillate in line with satirical needs. Paddywhacking meaning a severe thrashing was also the prescribed corrective treatment to be meted out to obstreperous Irishmen. Connotations of the treacherous wild Irishman would appear to have inspired this linguistic use.
The names Paddy and Mick, employed as words, categorically confirmed this. Paddy and Mick were thus clearly perceived as being the standard brawn behind construction and engineering. With this snappy rhyming substitute, the association between the simple Irishman and the basic labouring tool was bluntly dealt. Paddy came to mean a policeman. Indeed, Irish immigrants constituted a major recruitment source for the New York and Boston metropolitan police forces.
The Irish policeman was certainly a more visible and pertinent cultural reference than his captive fellow countrymen. While the role of policeman was necessarily a step up for Paddy, it was still essentially a subservient and subaltern position. Moreover, for the free-enterprising American, a paddy was a petty and unappreciated incarnation of the strict rule of the law.
Paddy the Irishman, with his disconcerting and impenetrable blarney, represented a devious interlocutor for clear-thinking and straight-talking individuls. The term mickey finn is in fact metonymie as it designates either the knock-out drink or the drug contained therein.
Some word watchers consider that it is a generic Irish name, adopted in the 19 th century when Irish bars in American cities were often rowdy and dangerous places, while others link it to a real-life Mickey Finn. All the more so as Finn is a culturally-coded Irish surname.
Indeed, such lexicalisation linguistically and intellectually embeds notions of Irish deviousness. Naturally, Irish names have been linked to alcohol consumption, although perhaps to a lesser extent than one might expect.
The two uses apparently tap into the idea of the necessary proximity of alcohol for Irish imbibers. This use, however, was not inspired by negative racial stereotyping, but simply by a famous Irish beverage of the same name. This, of course, was to brush off typical Irish names. The American term means one who is easily fooled or victimised. Now Patsy is also a common Irish cognomen. Patsy, in fact, is the pet name for either Patrick or Patricia.
As such, as a name pregnant with both male and female Irish potential, it probably epitomised for some the ultimate greenhorn. Though Paddy and Mick were known for their belligerent streak, in the eyes of their adversaries and critics they were necessarily spineless. Since the Battle of the Boyne , in particular an emblematic battle of the power struggle between Ireland and England, and a battle which the Catholic Irish significantly lost , the native Irish were derided for their lack of fighting spirit.
The origin of these earlier uses, however, is somewhat unclear. The reproach of indolence was of course central to the colonial enterprise, and was thus frequently addressed to the native Irish.
The incriminated individual, however, has not been identified, and it is likely that the locution is of anecdotal origin. Its true etymology, however, remains uncertain. Indeed, the locution may not castigate an Irish Mick at all. The name of a certain Mike or Mickey Bliss, hijacked by the rhyming slangster as a cryptic replacement for the inelegant word piss, was subsequently curtailed to Mike, Mickey, or Mick.
However, these two alternative explanations are somewhat flawed, and the debate remains open. An Irish Mick may very well have been cited as the typical subject of jest. Etymological theory is one thing, and popular perception is another, and the phrase is widely held by those who use it or hear it used to cast aspersions on Ireland. This, in itself, is highly significant. It reveals a readiness in the English-speaking public, when confronted with a seemingly-Irish term pejoratively employed, to expect or presume Irish mockery.
In this particular case, stereotypical considerations aside, phonetics may have been well served by semantics. This use is all the more intriguing as its definition is somewhat unstable. Mick, apparently, designates the reverse side tails of a coin, but it has also been linked to the head side.
In any case, the toss up does little to enhance the social fortunes of Irish Micks. This is indeed quite a sea change. The nickname of the traditional social underdog has come, by a complete turn of fortune, to designate the standard cultural white type in the eyes of a historically-abused community.
Unless of course the etymology of the American Black English word has nothing to do with the Irish cognomen Paddy. Used this way, the word paddy represents the major Other who is typically despised. One is tempted to see in this use a reference to Asian paddy fields but, for Jonathon Green, the Irish sobriquet Paddy provides the basic inspiration. The name of the traditional working-class immigrant has been reused to designate a more recently arrived alien.
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