Taking too much acetaminophen can cause liver and kidney damage and anemia in pregnant women and their babies. There's no high-quality conclusive evidence in humans that acetaminophen — when taken correctly — increases the risk of other problems, though researchers are studying whether taking acetaminophen during pregnancy might lead to:.
Some animal studies suggest that taking acetaminophen during pregnancy — particularly in large amounts or in late pregnancy — might be connected to behavioral problems such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
The FDA in and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine in assessed a number of studies and concluded that the evidence of risk for a connection between acetaminophen and ADHD was inconclusive.
A later study of almost , children in Norway found an increased risk of ADHD when women took acetaminophen for more than 29 days during pregnancy. However, the researchers also found that paternal use of acetaminophen was associated with ADHD, pointing perhaps to another cause for the increased risk.
The researchers concluded that they didn't have definitive evidence for or against a causal relation between maternal use of acetaminophen and ADHD. An analysis of studies including over , mothers and their children published in concluded that acetaminophen use during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for ADHD, ASD, and hyperactivity symptoms.
The researchers cautioned that all of the evidence was observational based on data remembered and reported by participants and susceptible to bias. Some studies have suggested a link between taking acetaminophen in pregnancy and wheezing or asthma in children. But the link may be due to factors other than the medication itself. In other words, the acetaminophen does not cause the childhood symptoms, though women taking acetaminophen during pregnancy are more likely to have children who develop asthma.
Other factors such as fever, chronic pain, or anxiety in the mother who took the acetaminophen may be responsible. In this condition, one or both testicles don't descend, and some research indicates that exposure to acetaminophen — especially during the second trimester and for more than four weeks — makes it more likely for boys to be born with cryptorchidism.
More studies are needed to confirm and explore possible reasons for the association. Experts don't believe these possible risks are any reason not to take acetaminophen if you need pain relief — or to reduce a fever — during pregnancy, but talk with your healthcare provider, especially if you need it frequently.
Most women can take acetaminophen during pregnancy, but there are specific instances when it should be limited or completely avoided. If you have hepatitis A, B, or C, your healthcare provider probably will recommend you take no more than 2 grams four mg tablets of acetaminophen a day — and only for a few days. Do not take acetaminophen at all if you have advanced, complicated cirrhosis scarring of the liver due to disease.
Find out what aches and pains you're likely to face, along with some tips for dealing with them in our roundup of common pregnancy aches and pains. BabyCenter's editorial team is committed to providing the most helpful and trustworthy pregnancy and parenting information in the world. When creating and updating content, we rely on credible sources: respected health organizations, professional groups of doctors and other experts, and published studies in peer-reviewed journals.
We believe you should always know the source of the information you're seeing. Learn more about our editorial and medical review policies. Bauer AZ. Paracetamol use during pregnancy — a call for precautionary action. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. Feldkamp ML et al. Obstetrics and Gynecology 1 Jensen MS et al.
Maternal use of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and acetylsalicylic acid during pregnancy and risk of cryptorchidism. Epidemiology 21 6 : Kilcoyne KR et al. Assessing the impact of in-utero exposures" potential effects of paracetamol on male reproductive development.
Archives of Disease in Childhood Kristensen DM et al. Be sure to follow these non-prescription medication precautions. Blahd Jr. Author: Healthwise Staff. Medical Review: William H. This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Learn how we develop our content. To learn more about Healthwise, visit Healthwise.
Although the paper does not call for a ban of the drug during pregnancy, the authors urge both healthcare providers and patients to view and use acetaminophen with more caution.
Even people who are not pregnant should be mindful of the potential risks of acetaminophen she adds. According to the authors of the statement, published September 23 in the journal Nature Reviews Endocrinology , research has emerged over the last several years that suggests it is possible for the drug to alter fetal development, which in some cases could result in neurological, urological, and reproductive disorders in the infant.
The group based their recommendations on a review of 29 studies that included the use of acetaminophen, 26 of which found evidence of birth defects. Because of that potential risk, the authors recommend that pregnant women should be counseled before or early in pregnancy with the following guidance:. This guidance is important, says Neale. Part of the issue is that there are few options for pain relief during pregnancy, according to the paper.
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